Objective To develop a scale for measuring self-efficacy of caregivers of children receiving chemotherapy and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the Bandura′s theory of self-efficacy and literature review, semi-structured interviews were conducted among 19 caregivers of children receiving chemotherapy to develop the item pool.Then two rounds of expert consultation and pilot test were utilized to formulate the initial scale. After that, a convenience sample of 395 caregivers completed the initial scale to test the reliability and validity. Results The caregiver self-efficacy scale included 21 items.The overall Cronbach′s alpha coefficient was 0.951 and the test-retest reliability was 0.824 （P＜0.01）.Exploratory factor analysis identified 3 factors of treatment-related caregiving, emotional management, and housework management and social interaction, which could explain 68.170% of the total variance. The total score and subscale scores were positively correlated to the General Self-efficacy Scale score (P＜0.01 for all).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well (χ2/df=2.564，RMSEA=0.087，NFI=0.861，RFI=0.843，IFI=0.910). Conclusion The scale is reliable and valid for measuring self-efficacy of caregivers of children receiving chemotherapy.