Objective To understand blood glucose anomaly, the pattern of blood glucose change and fluctuation range in infants and young children during living donor liver transplantation, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A retrospective analysis of 196 infants and young children undergoing living donor liver transplantation was conducted to collect the general information and arterial blood glucose readings at 7 time points: immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1), 5 min before the anhepatic phase (T2), 15 min into the anhepatic phase (T3), and 15 min (T4), 1 h (T5), 2h (T6) and 3 h (T7) into the neohepatic phase. Blood glucose anomalies at each time point were noted, a blood glucose chart was drawn, and the fluctuation range of blood glucose were calculated. Results Hypoglycemia mainly occurred immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1, with 81.6% of the patients), 5 min before the anhepatic phase (T2, 68.4%), and 15 min into the anhepatic phase (T3,85.2%). Hyperglycemia mainly occurred at 15 min (T4, 37. 2%) and 1 h (T5, 47.4%) into the neohepatic phase. The blood glucose levels ranged between 1.70-17.90(6.66±3.12) mmol/L. Multiple regression analysis showed that children′s body weight had significant impact on intraoperative blood glucose variation (P<0.05). Conclusion In infants and young children receiving living donor liver transplantation, the frequency of intraoperative blood glucose abnormality is high, and blood glucose fluctuation is large. Operating room nurses should assess the children in a timely manner. For children with lower body weight, special attention should be paid to intraoperative glucose monitoring and management in such high-risk periods of blood glucose fluctuations as anhepatic and neohepatic phase, in an effort to reduce intraoperative blood glucose fluctuations.