Objective To explore the prevalence of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients and to identify the influencing factors, thus to provide reference for targeted psychological nursing intervention. Methods A total of 148 COVID-19 patients were investigated using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）. Results The prevalence of anxiety was 21.63% and of depression was 50.00%. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that presence of chest tightness/palpitation, isolation, irritability/distress, worry about family members′ illness/being infected, and worry about prognosis were the influencing factors of anxiety (P＜0.05,P＜0.01）. Sleep, isolation, worry about family members′ illness/being infected, and worry about prognosis were factors affecting depression （P＜0.01 for all）. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 report anxiety and depression. Targeted psychological nursing intervention should be provided to relieve their anxiety and depression.