Objective To identify typologies of self-management ability in maintenance hemodialysis patients, and to provide refe-rences for developing targeted health education. Methods Atotal of 326 maintenance hemodialysis patients from blood purification centers of 3 Grade A hospitals in Fuzhou were investigated utilizingthe hemodialysis self-management instrument, then Latent profile analysis （LPA） was performed to identify distinct groups based on their self-management ability characteristics. Results The patients could be classified into 4 types:low self-management 170（52.2%）, general self-management 123（37.7%）, good self-management 13（4.0%） and passive self-management 20（6.1%）, and there were significant differences in age, gender, work status, educational background, length of dialysis and treatment methods among the four types （P＜0.05,P＜0.01）. Conclusion The self-management ability of maintenance hemodialysis patients is low. Medical staff should identify the management problems and weaknesses of each type, and adopt targeted interventions, especially for the elderly, unemployed, low educational background, longer dialysis and poor emotional management patients, so as to improve their self-management ability to the largest extent.