Objective To explore the influence mechanism of clinical status, maternal moods, family response on neurodevelopment in high risk premature infants, and to provide reference for developing targeted intervention. Methods Totally 202 pairs of high risk premature infants and their mothers during follow-up were investigated using Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ) and View of Condition Impact Scale (VCI), then the path analysis model was constructed by systematic li-terature review. Results Maternal anxiety indirectly affected the neurodevelopment of premature infants through PPQ and VCI, with the coefficient for the total effect being -0.10. PPQ indirectly influenced the neurodevelopment of premature infants through VCI, with the coefficient for the total effect being -0.12. The direct effect coefficient of breastfeeding included or not, sepsis, NRDS and VCI on the neurodevelopment was -0.30,-0.29,0.25 and -0.19 respectively. Conclusion The neurodevelopment of premature infants is affected by various factors, which should be assessed in the follow-up, and the infants with sepsis and without breastfeeding should be paid more attention. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the management of maternal emotional di-sorders and family response to improve premature infants′ neurodevelopment.