Objective To investigate the compliance with a scheduled cystoscopic surveillance among patients with moderate-to-high risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC), and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 247 patients attending outpatient clinic and had booked cystoscopic surveillance were selected using convenient sampling, then they were investigated using the general information questionnaire and the short form of Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FOP-Q-SF), and the patients were asked and their medical records were checked to trace their compliance with cystoscopic surveillance. Results The median times of cystoscopic surveillance was 6 (2-14 times), and 23.5% (n=58) patients′ compliance with the scheduled cystoscopic surveillance was bad. The total score of FoP-Q-SF was (28.57±5.28) points, and 51 (20.6%) patients suffered from mental dysfunction of fear of cancer recurrence. Mental dysfunction of fear of cancer recurrence, assessed pain score of cystoscopic surveillance, length of disease history were risk factors of compliance with scheduled cystoscopic surveillance among bladder cancer patients, while married, bear and fully affordable economic expenditure were its protective factors (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion The compliance with scheduled cystoscopic surveillance among patients with moderate-to-high risk NMIBC is low, medical staff should pay attention to its influencing factors, especially those who were prone to suffer from mental dysfunction of fear of cancer recurrence, it is necessary to take measures to reduce patients′ fear of cancer recurrence, and increase their compliance with scheduled cystoscopic surveillance.