Objective To explore the effects of liquid control manual combining with compensation strategy on volume status and residual renal function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Methods Totally 120 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were randomized into a control group and an experimental group using a randomized digital table, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received routine care, while the experimental group additionally received the liquid control manual combining with compensation strategy. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, 24 hours urinary output, ultrafiltration, edema degree, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urea clearance index, creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate before the intervention and 6 months after the intervention were compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body weight of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the 24 hours urinary volume was significantly more and the edema degree was significantly milder, and urea nitrogen and creatinine testing value were significantly lower, while urea clearance index and glomerular filtration rate were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion The liquid control manual combining with compensation strategy is beneficial to improve the condition of volume overload for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, and delay the decline of residual renal function.