Objective To explore the impact of sleep quality on postpartum fatigue. Methods A total of 265 women after childbirth were selected from 8 hospitals by convenience sampling and were surveyed by the Fatigue Scale-14 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results The participants scored 6.46±2.51 on sleep quality, of whom 34.72% had satisfactory sleep quality and 65.28% had poor sleep quality. The fatigue score was significantly lower in women with satisfactory sleep quality than those with poor sleep quality (P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression showed that sleep quality was an important factor affecting postpartum fatigue (P<0.01). Conclusion Poor sleep quality is a significant predictor of postpartum fatigue. Medical staff should pay attention to and take effective measures to improve sleep quality of puerpera, thus to ameliorate fatigue in the postpartum period.