Objective To measure the prevalence of and factors associated with unplanned readmission after renal transplantation (RT). Methods A total of 424 patients were investigated within the first year postRT in terms of the unplanned readmission and 17 related factors. Results The rate of unplanned readmission was 20.0%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of complications, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other operations during hospitalization were risk factors of unplanned readmission （OR=2.098-2.968,P＜0.05，P＜0.01）. Conclusion The unplanned readmission within one year after RT cannot be ignored. Nursing staff should provide continuous followup and dynamic assessment, find out risk factors and conduct effective interventions, as well as focus on those who undergo other operations during hospitalization, who have more complications and lower eGFR, thus to reduce unplanned readmissions.