Objective To investigate rehabilitation nurses′ competence and training needs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in rehabilitation nursing practice, and to provide reference for further TCM rehabilitation education. Methods Totally, 642 rehabilitation nurses engaged in TCMbased rehabilitation nursing were investigated using a selfadministrated questionnaire in terms of their competence and training needs of TCM nursing in rehabilitation practice. Results The average score of TCM nursing competence was 3.27±0.76. In the TCM skill dimension,topical use of medications, acupoint application, and auricular acupressure with seed were well mastered; while paraffinwax therapy, moxibustion with wheat and suspended moxibustion were highly needed. In the TCM knowledge dimension, dietary & emotional nursing, health promotion, and meridian theory were well mastered; while Zangxiang (visceral manifestation) concept,theory of YinYang and five elements, and Qiblood theory were highly needed. In the advanced TCM rehabilitation nursing practice dimension, TCMoriented ward rounds and evidencebased TCM rehabilitation nursing practice were well mastered; while syndrome differentiationbased nursing and research on standardization of TCM operations were highly needed. Conclusion Rehabilitation nurses′ competence of TCM rehabilitation nursing should be improved. More attention should be paid to continuing education, thus to enhance nurses′ TCM nursing knowledge and competence of syndrome differentiationbased nursing.