妊娠晚期下肢深静脉血栓形成患者抗凝剂皮下注射部位的研究
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女,本科,副主任护师,护士长

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国家自然科学基金(81541061);江苏省条件建设与民生科技专项基金(BL2014013);南京市科技发展计划项目(201803006)


Selection of anticoagulants subcutaneous injection sites in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis during the third trimester of pregnancy: a comparative study
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    摘要:

    目的 探讨妊娠晚期下肢深静脉血栓形成患者注射部位的选择策略,为规范护理操作流程提供依据。方法 将下肢深静脉血 栓形成,需要抗凝剂皮下注射治疗的妊娠晚期患者46例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各23例。观察组通过脐部做一 水平线,经 B超测定双侧前上侧腹部、前下侧腹部、中上侧腹部、中下侧腹部8个区域的皮下组织厚薄程度,在确定注射深度安全 的情况下在腹部8个区域行轮换皮下注射;对照组选择部位为上臂部三角肌中、后区域轮换注射。比较两组注射后即刻、2h疼痛 评分,皮下淤斑和硬结的发生率及活化部分凝血活酶时间的变化。结果 观察组注射后即刻、2h疼痛评分,淤斑、硬结发生率显著 低于对照组(均P<0.01);两组治疗前后活化部分凝血活酶时间比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 避开脐周(距脐10 cm 以内),在腹壁外侧缘8个区域内运用改良皮下注射技术对妊娠晚期患者行抗凝剂皮下注射安全、可行、有效。

    Abstract:

    Objective To explore appropriate selection strategies for anticoagulants subcutaneous injection sites in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during the third trimester of pregnancy, and to provide evidence for standardization of the nursing cooperation process. Methods A total of 46 women diagnosed with lower extremity DVT during the third trimester of pregnancy and in need of subcutaneous injection of anticoagulants were randomized into 2 groups of 23 each.In the observation group, the abdominal wall was divided into 8 parts (bilateral upper anterior, lower anterior, upper medial and lower medial), then the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue in each part was determinedby doppler ultrasound; after that, the 8 parts were rotated to receive subcutaneous injection of anticoagulants on the condition of safe needle insertion depth.In the control group, middle and posterior regions of the deltoid muscle were alternated as injection sites.The degrees of local pain immediately after injection, and two hours after injection were evaluated by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The incidence rates of subcutaneous ecchymosis and induration, along with the changes in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were observed. Results The NRS pain scores imme-diately after injection, and two hours after injection, and the incidence rates of subcutaneous ecchymosis and induration in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01 for all), whereas, pre-and post treatment APTT showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Modified subcutaneous injection of anti-coagulants at 8 outer parts (avoiding the peri-umbilical region and within 10 cm around the umbilicus) of the abdominal wall,is a safe and feasible for women developing DVT in the third trimester of pregnancy.

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李燕,万丽,葛静萍,Sutedjo Janesya,赵伯翔,顾建平.妊娠晚期下肢深静脉血栓形成患者抗凝剂皮下注射部位的研究[J].护理学杂志,2019,34(5):50-53

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  • 收稿日期:2018-06-15
  • 最后修改日期:2018-12-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-09