Objective To systematically evaluate psychological experiences of patients after renal transplantation. Methods Qualitative studies reporting psychological experiences of patients after renal transplantation were retrieved from electronic databases of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG data, VIP, and Chinese BioMedical Database from inception to May, 2018. After evaluating quality of the selected literature, a metasynthesis was performed to summarize and interpret the research results. Results Eight studies were included. Fiftytwo results, 6 categories and 3 integrated results were extracted, including negative mood, feelings of future and life, health care needs and expectations. Conclusion Medical staff should fully understand psychological experiences of renal transplant recipients, provide targeted psychological intervention, and instruct patients to adjust cognitive and behavioral mode, thus to improve their quality of life and enhance their psychological capital for future life.