Objective To develop a Pay Equity Perception Scale for Operating Room Nurses in Public Hospitals and test its reliability and validity, to provide an assessment tool for operating room nursing management.Methods Based on Organizational Justice Theory, combined with literature review, descriptive qualitative research, expert consultation, and pilot survey, a preliminary version of the scale was constructed. From June to September 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select nurses in the ope-rating rooms of public hospitals in Sichuan Province as the subjects of the survey, with 342 nurses surveyed the first time and 379 nurses surveyed the second time.Item analysis and reliability and validity testing were conducted on the scale.Results The Pay Equity Perception Scale for Operating Room Nurses in Public Hospitals included 3 dimensions and 30 items.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 79.416%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ2/df of the scale was 1.984, GFI was 0.879, and all other fit indices were ＞0.900, indicating acceptable model fit.The scale content validity index universal agreement was 0.933, and at the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000.The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient of the scale was 0.970, the split reliability was 0.892, and the retest reliability was 0.724.Conclusion The Pay Equity Perception Scale for Operating Room Nurses in Public Hospitals has good reliability and validity, and can be used to mea-sure the pay equity perception of nurses in public hospital operating rooms.