Objective To explore the professional socialization experiences and influencing factors of new nurses within their first year of employment, using the New Nurse Transition Model as a theoretical framework, to provide references for promoting nursing career development.Methods A longitudinal qualitative research approach was employed, using purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with 20 new nurses from five hospitals.The interviews were conducted at three time points:upon employment, and at 6 and 12 months post-employment.Smithi phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the interview data and extract themes.Results The analysis of interview date identified two overarching themes and eleven subthemes:individual factors comprising perceptual transformation regarding role significance, alterations in personal emotional states, modified motivations for career advancement, deficiencies in professional competencies, challenges in integrating theoretical knowledge with practical implementation, insufficient interpersonal relationship management skills, and persistent coexistence of multiple stressors; and contextual factors encompassing dual impact of patient feedback, multidimensional external support systems, catalytic effects of organizational environment, and impediments from irrational work arrangements.Conclusion The influencing factors of professional socialization in new nurses are complex and dynamic.Managers should focus on these influencing factors and take appropriate measures to expedite the professional socialization process of new nurses.