Objective To reduce the incidence of unqualified peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children through implementing evidence-based practice, thereby improving nursing quality.Methods Utilizing the "Evidence-Based Continuous Quality Improvement Model" as the theoretical framework, a total of 29 pieces of best evidence related to the collection of peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children were summarized through four stages:evidence acquisition, current status review, evidence implementation, and outcome evaluation.After evaluating the feasibility, appropriateness, effectiveness, and mea-ningfulness, 18 pieces of evidence were selected, and 17 review indicators along with evaluation methods were developed.Prior to evidence application, 58 children underwent baseline reviews to analyze barriers, and a practical plan was formulated.Following evidence application, 63 children were re-evaluated to assess the outcomes.Results After the application of evidence-based practices, the execution rates of 7 review indicators significantly increased, and the incidence of unqualified peripheral venous blood specimens decreased significantly; moreover, nurses′ knowledge scores related to the collection of peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children significantly improved (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Evidence-based practice can promote standar-dized collection of peripheral venous blood specimens by nurses, thereby reducing the incidence of unqualified specimens in infants and young children.