Objective To translate the Insulin Treatment Self-Management Scale into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity among diabetic patients, and to provide a measurement tool for assessing self-management levels in this population.Methods Translation and back-translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary survey were conducted following the Brislin translation model to develop the Chinese version ITSMS.From April to July 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 365 diabetic patients for the survey.Results The Chinese version ITSMS consists of 27 items across three dimensions.The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient of the scale was 0.916, with Cronbach′s α coefficients for the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions being 0.926, 0.918, and 0.905, respectively.The split-half reliability coefficient was 0.943, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.851.The scale-level content validity index was 0.930.Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.835%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit (χ2/df=1.158,RMSEA=0.028,CFI=0.983,GFI=0.886,TLI=0.981,IFI=0.983), with criterion-related validity at 0.439 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The Chinese version ITSMS demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing self-management abilities in patients undergoing insulin treatment.