Objective To explore the effect of smoking cessation intervention based on Theory of Planned Behavior on smoking cessation effect of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 70 hospitalized patients with COPD.Among them, 35 patients admitted from October 2023 to January 2024 were assigned to the control group, receiving standard smoking cessation intervention.The remaining 35 patients admitted from February to May 2024 were assigned to the intervention group, which was subjected to a human-machine coupling management approach based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.The smoking cessation rates during hospitalization, as well as the rates of sustained cessation one month and six months after discharge, were compared between the two groups, along with assessments of tobacco dependence and withdrawal symptom scores.Results Thirty-one cases in the control group versus 32 cases in the intervention group completed the study.One month after discharge, the Heaviness of Smoking Index score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Six months post-discharge, the sustained smoking cessation rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).However, there were no statistically significant differences in withdrawal symptom scores between the two groups at one month and six months post-discharge (both P＞0.05).Conclusion Smoking cessation intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior is beneficial for improving smoking cessation behaviors in patients with COPD, reducing their short-term tobacco dependence, and increasing sustained cessation rates.Howe-ver, it does not appear to improve withdrawal symptoms.