Objective To explore the potential profile classification of psychological capital in breast cancer patients and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted interventions. Methods The convenient sampling method was used to select breast cancer patients from March to May 2024 in two Grade A Level A hospitals in Zhengzhou. A total of 212 patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the positive psychological capital questionnaire, the five factor mindfulness scale, and the posttraumatic growth scale. The potential profile of psychological capital in breast cancer patients was analyzed, and the influencing factors were identified by univariate analysis and disordered multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The psychological capital of breast cancer patients was divided into 4 categories: passive coping type(20.3%) conservative maintenance type (25.0%), goal achieving type (24.1%) and self-transcending type (30.6%). Age, marital status, duration of disease diagnosis, mindfulness and post-traumatic growth were the influencing factors of the potential profiles of psychological capital in breast cancer patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the psychological capital of breast cancer patients. Medical and nursing staff can carry out targeted interventions according to the potential profile type of psychological capital in breast cancer patients to improve their mental health.