Objective To explore the implementation effect of aspiration prevention nursing program in postoperativepatients with posterior fossa tumor. Methods The patients with posterior fossa tumor surgery admitted to neuro-surgery Department were divided into the control group (n=296) and the observation group (n=272) according to the admission time. The control group was given routine perioperative nursing, and the observation group was given aspiration prevention nursing program on the basis of the control group, that was, by focusing on the aspiration event, analyzing and finding the causes of aspiration. Implementing evidence-based bundle interventions for aspiration prevention according to the causes of aspiration, and then health education on safe eating was strengthened, nurses′ aspiration prevention ability was improved, and the risk of aspiration of patients during eating was monitored and controlled through the whole diet supervision. The average length of stay, the incidence of aspiration, the knowledge of patients to prevent aspiration, and the theoretical and skill assessment scores of nurses on posterior fossa tumor aspiration before and after the implementation of the nursing program were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of aspiration and the average length of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the knowledge of aspiration prevention of patients and/or their families was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). After the implementation of the nursing project, the theoretical and skill assessment scores of nurses on posterior fossa tumor aspiration were significantly improved (both P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of nursing project for patients with posterior cranial fossa tumor surgery is conducive to the process control of aspiration risk factors, to achieve effective management of aspiration prevention, reduce the incidence of aspiration after posterior cranial fossa tumor surgery, and ensure the posto-perative safety of patients.