Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of perceived quality of provider-patient communication in elderly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients undergoing surgery, so as to provide a reference for developing targeted provider-patient communication intervention strategies.Methods A total of 208 elderly BPH patients undergoing surgery were selected conveniently, then they were investigated by using a general information questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short Form (CAPS-15), the FRAIL scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 1-2 days before surgery, and they received telephone follow-up by using a self-designed patient-provider communication quality scale at 2-4 weeks after discharge.Results Totally 48.08% elderly BPH patients undergoing surgery reported low quality of provider-patient communication.Logistic regression analysis showed that, coping adaptation level, cognitive functioning, ASA classification, and place of residence were the main influencing factors of perceived quality of provider-patient communication in this population （all P＜0.05）.Conclusion Perceived low patient-provider communication quality occupies a large proportion in elderly BPH patients undergoing surgery.Medical staff can develop targeted intervention strategies according to elderly patients′ cognitive functions, coping adaptation levels and so on, so as to improve their perceived quality of patient-provider communication.