Objective To comprehend the current situation of self-neglect in disabled older adults in nursing homes，to explore the influencing factors, and to provide a reference for healthcare professionals to take measures to achieve positive aging. Methods A total of 334 disabled older adults were conveniently sampled from 4 nursing homes in Jiangxi Province, and were surveyed with the general information questionnaire, the Scale of Elderly Self-neglect, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. The factors contributive to self-neglect in disabled older adults were analyzed. Results The total score for self-neglect in the disabled older adults in nursing homes was (29.75±4.77) points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, monthly income, number of orally administered drugs, frequency of visits, self-perceived health status, depressive symptoms, degree of disability, and social support were influencing factors of self-neglect (all P<0.05), explaining 43.3% of the total variation in self-neglect. Conclusion Disabled older adults in nursing homes are prone to develop self-neglect. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to older adults with an old age, low income, high-degree disability, poor health, and low social support, and give them policy support and mental health interventions, in an effort to promote active aging.