Objective To summarize the evidence on postural management of patients with scoliosis undergoing posterior approach orthopedic surgery, and to provide evidence for clinical nurses implementing surgical position placement.Methods Literature on postural management of posterior approach orthopedic surgery in patients with scoliosis were searched from relevant guideline websites, databases, professional websites and primary literature databases in domestic and overseas, the search time frame was from June 2013 to June 2023.Results A total of 12 articles were included, consisting of 3 clinical decisions, 5 expert consensus reports, 1 systematic review and 3 evidence summaries.Totally 30 pieces of best evidence were summarized and categorized into six aspects: position placement principle, position assessment and training, placement procedures, intraoperative monitoring and cooperation, postoperative care and postural management in special situations.Conclusion The summarized best evidence for surgical position placement is comprehensive and practical.It can be applied by the surgeon according to the actual situation of patients.