Objective To explore the effect of cognitive-motor dual-task training on cognitive frailty in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 72 elderly cognitive frailty patients with diabetes were divided into a control group (n=36) and an intervention group (n=36) chronologically. The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group additionally received cognitive-motor dual-task training for 8 weeks. The scores of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frailty Phenotype (FP) and the 30 s Chair Stand Test (30 s CST) were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results A total of 71 patients （36 cases in the control group, 35 cases in the intervention group） completed the study. The results of Gene-ralized Estimating Equation indicated that, the group-by-time interaction effect was statistically significant in the score of MMSE and FP between the two groups (both P<0.05)；after 8 weeks of the intervention, the MMSE score in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and its FP score was significantly lower than that in the control group (both P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the group-by-time interaction effect of muscle strength of the lower extremity of the 2 groups (P>0.05), while the difference in time effect was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The cognitive-motor dual-task training can improve the cognitive function of elderly cognitive frailty patients with diabetes, and alleviate their frailty.