Objective To explore the status quo and factors influencing self-supporting ability of rural empty-nest older adults and to provide reference for targeted intervention.Methods A total of 925 rural empty-nest older adults were investigated using a general information questionnaire, the Elderly Alienation Scale, and the Self-supporting Ability Questionnaire for Elderly People.Results The sample scored （140.45±17.59） for self-supporting ability and （45.52±5.28） for alienation.There was a negative correlation between alienation and self-supporting ability （r=-0.533,P＜0.05） .The results of multiple regression analysis showed that, educational background, monthly household per capita income, marital status (currently with spouse or not), and alienation were factors influencing self-supporting ability （adjusted R2=0.430, all P＜0.05）.Conclusion Self-supporting ability among rural empty-nest older adults is relatively low, and effective interventions should be formulated based on the influencing factors.