Objective To develop a health belief scale for measuring oral self-care in older adults and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the health belief model, the item pool was formed through literature review and semi-structured interviews, then expert consultation and pilot survey were performed to develop the initial version of the scale.At last, 565 community-dwelling older adults were conveniently selected and surveyed to validate the scale.Results The scale included 5 dimensions named as perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility and perceived self-efficacy, totaling 25 items.Five common factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 71.524% of the total variance.The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the scale had a good model fit （χ2/df=2.766,IFI=0.929,CFI=0.928,TLI=0.917,PCFI=0.798,PNFI=0.768,RMESA=0.079）.The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the universal agreement scale-level CVI was 0.920.The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.959.Conclusion The health belief scale on oral self-care for older adults has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure health beliefs on oral self-care in the older population.