This paper reviews the risk factors for silent aspiration in stroke patients, including age, dysphagia, disorders of consciousness, disease and therapeutic factors, mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy, and caregiving factors, summarizes adverse outcomes (aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and fear) and preventive measures (swallowing function rehabilitation, nutrition management, bundled care, knowledge and skill training), aiming to provide references for prevention and management of silent aspiration in stroke patients.