This article introduces the connotation and current situation of nursing staff′s competencies (clinical practice, learning and education, psychological stress resistance) to prevent and control infectious disease emergencies, summarizes its influencing factors, such as personal factors (gender, age, educational background, personal intention to attend training, etc.), job related factors (job satisfaction, years of working, career role, training and emergency drills, relevant rescue experience, etc.), and organizational factors (hospital level and organizational support, etc.), and analyzes the survey tools used (Gershon Hospital Safety Climate Scale、the Emergency Response Ability Questionnaire for major infectious diseases, etc.). Then puts forward the relevant strategies to improve their competencies, so as to provide theoretical foundation for enhancing nurses′ prevention and control competencies in infectious disease emergencies.