Objective To investigate and analyze the consistency of self-reports and nurses assessment in self-care ability and knee function at discharge among patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), so as to provide a reference to understand patients′ condition objectively and improve their prognosis. Methods The convenient sampling method was utilized, and 100 patients after TKA at discharge and their primary nurses were investigated by using the Barthel Index (BI) and the American Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS). Results The patients′ self-reports in self-care ability and knee joint function were inconsistent with the assessment of their primary nurses.In the assessment of self-care ability, except for the total score of BI, the score of each item showed poor consistency （ICC=-0.114-0.103）, and the correlation were not significant （r=-0.114-0.148, all P＞0.05）.In the assessment of knee joint function, except for function, score reduction items, and the total score of HSS, there were significant differences between patients′ self-reports and nurses′ assessment in other dimensions; in terms of consistency, except for range of motion and score reduction items, the other dimensions demonstrated poor consistency （ICC=0.205-0.289） and weak correlation （r=0.217-0.320, all P＜0.05）. Conclusion The self-reports and nurses′ assessment in self-care ability and knee function at discharge among patients after TKA are inconsistent.Nursing staff should pay attention to patients′ chief complaints, so as to assess their self-care ability and knee function accurately.