Objective To explore the effect of nursing project management of central venous therapy for patients in emergency observation ward. Methods The current situation of intravenous therapy of 236 patients (the pre-implement group) from July to December 2018 were investigated, and cause analysis was carried out. Then 253 patients (the implement group 1) from July to December, and 219 patients (the implement group 2) from July to December 2020 were selected to participate in a central venous therapy improvement nursing project. Results After implement of nursing project management, the rate of rational intravenous therapy tool selection was significantly improved, the rate of catheter-related infection as a complication of central venous therapy decreased significantly, the quality of central venous therapy and maintenance supervision was improved significantly in the implement groups, as compared with the pre-implement group (P<0.05, Ｐ＜0.01). Conclusion Through nursing project management, the rationality in the selection of intravenous therapy tools and the use of central venous therapy in emergency observation ward was enhanced, the therapy protocol and maintenance of central venous catheter was standardized, and the incidence rate of central venous catheter related complications was reduced.