Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of operating room nurses′ information literacy. Methods A total of 766 operating room nurses from 12 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan province were surveyed by utilizing the Clinical Nursing Staff Information Literacy Self-Rating Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale and the Nurse Career Planning Scale. Results The total score of information literacy was (120.25±20.30). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that position, educational background, number of publications, whether holding nursing research project, whether learning medical information retrieval courses, work stress, innovative behavior, self-efficacy, and career planning were the main factors influencing information literacy of operating room nurses (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Operating room nurses reported moderate level of information literacy, which was affected by several factors. Nursing managers should encourage nurses to promote education level and creative thinking, participate in nursing research project, adjust work stress, strengthen self-efficacy, and formulate reasonable career planning, thus to enhance information literacy.